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Fagus mexicana
''Fagus mexicana'', the Mexican Beech or Haya, is a species of beech endemic to northeastern and central Mexico, where it occurs from southwest Tamaulipas south to Hidalgo and Puebla. It is restricted to high altitude cloud forests in the Sierra Madre Oriental.〔( Oswaldo Téllez-Valdés, Patricia Dávila-Aranda, Rafael Lira-Saade (2006) "The effects of climate change on the long-term conservation of ''Fagus grandifolia'' var. ''mexicana'', an important species of the Cloud Forest in Eastern Mexico," ''Forest Diversity and Management'', (Vol. 2 of ''Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation''), Springer Netherlands, pp. 35-47 )〕〔(Guadalupe Williams-Linera, Margaret S. Devall and Claudia Alvarez-Aquino (2000), "A Relict Population of ''Fagus grandifolia'' var. ''mexicana'' at the Acatlan Volcano, Mexico: Structure, Litterfall, Phenology and Dendroecology", Journal of Biogeography Vol. 27, No. 6 1297-1309 )〕
It is closely related to the American Beech ''Fagus grandifolia'', and is usually treated as ''Fagus grandifolia'' subsp. ''mexicana'' (Martínez) E.Murray.〔(Ernesto Ch. Rodríguez-Ramírez, Arturo Sánchez-González, Gregorio Ángeles-Pérez (2013) "Current distribution and coverage of Mexican beech forests ''Fagus grandifolia'' subsp. ''mexicana'' in Mexico." ''Endangered Species Research'' Vol. 20: 205-216. )〕〔(Taxon: ''Fagus grandifolia'' Ehrh. subsp. ''mexicana'' (Martínez) A. E. Murray from USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN).National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. )〕〔(CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City. cited by Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 13 Dec 2013 )〕〔(Guadalupe Williams-Linera, Adèle Rowden, Adrian C. Newton (2003) "Distribution and stand characteristics of relict populations of Mexican beech (''Fagus grandifolia'' var. ''mexicana'')," ''Biologica Conservation'' Vol. 109: 27-36. )〕
==Description==
''Fagus mexicana'' is a deciduous tree, reaching heights of 25–40 m tall and up to 1 m trunk diameter. The leaves are alternate, simple, with a slightly toothed margin, usually smaller than those of American Beech, 5–8 cm long and 3–5 cm broad. The buds are long and slender, 15–25 mm long and 2–3 mm thick.
The flowers are small catkins which appear shortly after the leaves in spring. The seeds are small triangular nuts 15–20 mm long and 7–10 mm wide at the base; there are two nuts in each cupule, maturing in the autumn 6–7 months after pollination.
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